##### 以下是UC San Diego的ECON 120B的midterm exam的题目的简单解析

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Student ID# _________________________________

midterm exam EXAM

ECON 120B, ECONOMETRICS

Gordon Dahl

UC San Diego

Instructions: You will have 100 minutes to complete the exam. Details on how to submit your

answers are discussed in the instructions for the Technology Quiz and so are not repeated here.

The only differences are: (i) you will have 100 minutes for the final exam (instead of 70 minutes)

and (ii) the start time of the exam is as stated in the class announcement on Canvas (you must

begin at the stated start time, as the 100 minute limit begins then). Failure to follow those

instructions could result in a failing score on the final.

Write your answers as clearly and concisely as possible, and feel free to use mathematical

expressions in your explanations. Show your derivations, reasoning, and calculations on the short

You may use one page of notes, written on one side of a regular sized piece of paper.

These notes must be prepared by you and written in your handwriting. One thing you may want

to include on your sheet of notes are the two tables on the next page. These tables will not be

included on the exam, but contains all of the critical values you will need to answer the exam

questions.

You may use the built-in calculator which appears in Respondus LockDown Browser.

You may not use any books (electronic or paper), class notes (electronic or paper), or any other

internet, electronic, or paper resources.

You may not receive any help on the exam or discuss/share the questions with anyone.

You may not use your phone during the exam, except to convert your answers to a pdf file and

You may not use any scratch paper. The only paper you should have is the Blank Answer Sheet

Good luck!2

ECON 120B table

##### Useful notes:

(1) Point totals for each question are given in brackets. The actual exam may have more or fewer

(2) The actual exam may have multiple choice questions, true/false questions or a combination of

these types of questions.

(3) The actual exam will have one or more short answer questions. Make sure to show your work

and explain your steps for full credit.

(4) Make sure to review any announcements on Canvas which provide further details regarding

the final exam.

##### Econometrics代写经济代写第一题
Problem 1.

Multiple Choice: Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1.1) An estimate is
A) unbiased if its expected value equals the population value
B) a number
C) another word for estimator
D) efficient if it has the smallest variance
1.2) Under imperfect multicollinearity
A) the OLS estimator is biased even in large samples
B) two or more of the regressors are highly correlated
C) the OLS estimator cannot be computed
D) the error terms are highly, but not perfectly correlated, across different observations
1.3) When there are omitted variables in the regression, which are determinants of the dependent variable, then
A) the OLS estimator is biased if the omitted variable is correlated with the included variable
B) you cannot measure the effect of the omitted variable, but the estimators of your included
variables are unaffected
C) this will always bias the OLS estimator of the included variable
D) this has no effect on the estimator of your included variable because the other variable is not
included
1.4) The interpretation of the slope coefficient in the model $\ln \left(Y_{i}\right)=\beta_{0}+\beta_{1} X_{i}+u_{i}$ is:
A) a $1 \%$ increase in $X$ is associated with a change in $Y$ of $.01 \times \beta_{1}$
B) an increase in $X$ by one unit is associated with a $100 \times \beta_{1} \%$ change in $Y$
C) an increase in $X$ by one unit is associated with a $\beta_{1}$ change in $Y$
D) a $1 \%$ increase in $X$ is associated with a $\beta_{1} \%$ change in $Y$

Proof .

##### Econometrics代写经济代写第二题
Problem 2.

(a) Let $X_{i} i=1, \ldots, n$ denote a sequence of random variables which are independent and identically distributed. Write down a formula for the sample mean.
(b) Consider the regression model $Y_{i}=\beta_{0}+\beta_{1} X_{i}+u_{i},$ and assume the first three least squares assumptions hold. State the Gauss Markov Theorem, including any additional assumptions needed for the theorem to hold (beyond the first three least squares assumptions).
(c) Define the average treatment effect (ATE) in terms of potential outcomes.

Proof .

the distribution of the population, with mean ${ }^{\mu}$ and standard deviation ${ }^{\sigma}$. The sample mean is defined to be $\bar{x}=\frac{1}{n}\left(X_{I}+X_{2}+\cdots+X_{n}\right)$

##### Econometrics代写经济代写第三题
Problem 3.

Consider the regression equation $Y_{i}=\beta_{0}+\beta_{1} X_{i}+u_{i} .$ Show that $\hat{\beta}_{1}=r_{X Y}\left(\frac{s_{Y}}{s_{X}}\right),$ where $r_{x y}$ is the sample correlation between $X$ and $Y,$ and $s_{x}$ and $s_{Y}$ are the sample standard deviations.

Proof .

##### Econometrics代写经济代写第四题
Problem 4.

Females, on average, are shorter and weigh less than males. One of your friends tells you that in addition, females will weigh less for a given height. To test this hypothesis, you use a simple random sample to collect the height and weight of 59 female and 54 male students at UCSD. A regression of the weight on a constant, height, and a binary variable which takes a value of one for females and is zero otherwise, yields the following result:
weight $_{i}=-229.21-6.36 \times$ female $_{i}+5.58 \times$ height $_{i} \quad \mathrm{R}^{2}=0.50, \mathrm{RMSE}=20.99$
Where weight is weight measured in pounds, female takes a value of 1 for females and is 0 otherwise, and height is measured in inches.
(a) What is the literal interpretation of the intercept term? Does a negative intercept term imply a problem with the regression you ran? Explain.
(b) Is the estimated coefficient for height significantly different from zero at the $5 \%$ confidence level? Show your work.

(c) You decide to rescale the height variable by subtracting 5 feet (or 60 inches) from the original variable height. Will this change the estimated intercept term if you re-run the regression with this rescaled variable instead? Explain.
(d) Suppose you collected this data by having students fill out a survey. If men are not good at remembering their height, so that you have a noisy measure of their height, what problems (if any) does this create?
(e) Come up with one omitted variable which you think would create a bias for the estimated height coefficient. Which direction would this omitted variable bias the coefficient? Explain your reasoning

Proof .

##### Econometrics代写经济代写第五题
Problem 5.

A subsample from the Current Population Survey (a survey the U.S. government uses to calculate official statistics) is taken on weekly earnings of individuals, their age, and their gender. You have read in the news that women make 70 cents for every $\$ 1$that men earn. To examine this hypothesis, you first regress weekly earnings on a constant and a binary variable female, which takes on a value of 1 for females and 0 otherwise. The regression results are: earn$_{i}=570.70-170.72 \times$female$_{i} \quad \mathrm{R}^{2}=0.084, \mathrm{RMSE}=282.12, \mathrm{~N}=1740$(a) What are the mean earnings of males and females in this sample? (b) A classmate argues that you should control for education. He breaks education into 3 mutually exclusive and exhaustive categories: high school dropout or less, high school graduate, and at least one year of college. He says you should add three dummy variables into the model, one for each category. Is this good advice? Explain. You decide to control for age (in years) in your regression results because you hypothesize that older people earn more on average than younger people, but at a decreasing rate as they age. This regression output is as follows: $$\begin{array}{l} \text { earn }_{i}=323.70-169.78 \times \text { female }_{i}+15.15 \times \text { age }_{i}-.021 \times \text { age }^{2} \text { i } \\ \mathrm{R}^{2}=0.135, \mathrm{RMSE}=274.45, \mathrm{~N}=1,740 \end{array}$$ (c) What words do the initials RMSE stand for? Interpret the RMSE. (d) How much more, on average, does a 30-year-old male make per year in your sample compared to a 25 -year-old female? (note: you do not need to simplify your answer) (e) Assuming homoskedasticity, test whether age and$a g e^{2}\$ are jointly significant. Show your work. To help get you started, the formula for the homoskedasticity only F statistic is:
$$\frac{\left(R_{\text {unrestricted }}^{2}-R_{\text {restricted }}^{2}\right) / q}{\left(1-R_{\text {unrestricted }}^{2}\right) /(n-k-1)}$$

Proof .

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